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Indonesia was the first country to be seriously effected by the earthquake and tsunami created by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on 26 December 2004, swamping the northern and western coastal areas of Sumatra, and the smaller outlying islands off Sumatra. Nearly all the casualties and damage took place within the province of Aceh.The time of arrival of the tsunami was between 15 to 30 minutes after the deadly earthquake. According to the country's National Disaster Relief Coordination Agency, 126,915 people are dead and 37,063 are missing.〔(sify.com )〕 In addition, the UN estimates that 655,000 people are homeless and sheltering in scattered refugee camps across the province.〔(abclocal.go.com )〕 As of January 23, 2005 the Health Ministry reported 173,981 dead while the Social Affairs Ministry registered 114,978 killed.〔(abcnews.go.com )〕 On 25 January Health Minister Fadilah Supari updated the estimated death total to 220,000.〔((BBC) )〕 The death toll is now (2011) estimated at 230,000 that died in the tsunami. == Aftermath == For a map of the affected areas in Sumatra see this BBC map.〔(BBC )〕 Northern Sumatra took damage from the earthquake itself as a tsunami landed on it. However, most of the damage was the result of the tsunami that struck the coastal regions of the Aceh and to a much lesser extent the North Sumatra provinces. The west coast of Aceh was about 100 km (60 mi) from the epicentre and took very heavy damage as far south as Tapaktuan. The coastal town of Lhoknga were hit by tsunami waves of more than 20 metres with run-up heights of more than 30 metres in some places. Ten meter tall waves passed the northern tip of the island to race south down the Straits of Malacca and strike along the northeast coast as far east as Lhokseumawe. Reports from those that have flown over the Aceh coast have reported a virtually destroyed coastline. In many towns and villages concrete pads are all that is left of substantial structures, while scattered corrugated iron roofs crumpled like paper are the only evidence of flimsier houses. A few intact mosques rise amazingly from wasteland. "You can't really explain. There used to be towns and cities there. All the people once had homes, lives," said Petty Officer 1st Class Scott Wickland from the American aircraft carrier ''Abraham Lincoln''. "Now there is nothing."〔(Yahoo! )〕 Relief efforts and communication along the western coastline are complicated, because the one road along the coast has been disrupted due to the destruction of dozens of bridges and much of the road being washed away or blocked by mud. The western districts of Aceh, lying nearest the epicentre of the magnitude-9 earthquake that caused the tsunami, is a "roadless" area, according to UN Emergency Coordinator Jan Egeland. "The lack of access by road is a key problem aid agencies face in the northern and western parts of Aceh," Chris Lom, a spokesman in the region for the International Organisation for Migration, said on 7 January. A number of towns on the west coast are therefore cut off from road from any airport or port. Relief efforts therefore require the use of helicopter or boat. In the town of Meulaboh in Aceh, for instance, where thousands are waiting for aid, 99 percent of the bridges are gone and 60 percent of asphalt roads are awash with mud according to Lom. "An escalation in the number of deaths is almost a certainty," according to William Hyde, Jakarta-based emergency relief coordinator for the International Organisation of Migration. "So much of the coastline couldn't be accessed."〔(Bloomberg )〕 Government officials in Indonesia, acknowledge they have been forced to make crude estimates of the death toll, because the scale of the devastation and the breakdown of civil governance. They have been forced to use such measures as counting the number of bodies in one mass grave and multiplying that by the number of such plots. In other cases, they estimated the population of a village, counted the survivors and assumed the rest are dead. (()) The scale of the breakdown of civil governance is shown by the fact that after a week 1400 policemen are missing in Aceh, having not reported in. The entire provincial government of Aceh, which had its capital at Banda Aceh has reportedly been wiped out by the deaths of the provincial legislators, and many government workers. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan described the devastation in the Indonesian province of Aceh is the worst he has ever seen, after touring the region by helicopter on Friday 7 January.〔(BBC )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Indonesia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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